Covid-19 and myocarditis

“People on the internet” (i’m talking about the anti-vax morons) scream about how myocarditis is a side effect of the vaccine, but big pharma doesn’t want you to know about. Chief, it’s literally listed on the CDC website. 

And if you are that worried about myocarditis, you know what causes myocarditis at much higher rates: Actual Covid-19!

Cheers.

The thing about multiple hypothesis testing that has always bothered me

Here is what’s always bothered me about multiple hypothesis testing.

Let’s say there are 10 hypothesis tests and they come back and 3 of them are significant at the 0.05 level. However, after correcting for multiple test using, for simplicity, a Bonferroni correction, none of these tests are significant. (Assume that it doesn’t matter what method you use to correct, but after correction you find nothing significant). So when an individual researcher does these tests together, they have to report that they found nothing significant. 

Now let’s say that 10 different researchers do one of these ten tests each, and they get the exact same p-values. Now 3 of these researchers will get “significant” results because they are only doing one test. So three of these researchers publish their results. 

It’s the same exact set of tests with the same exact p-values. But if a single researcher does it, there is nothing significant. And if they did report something significant they would be accused of p-hacking (and rightly so). But if 10 different independent researchers each do one of the tests, they will come up with 3 out of the 10 tests as significant. Same data. Same results. Same p-values. Different conclusions based on who performed the test. Weird, right? 

Cheers.

Brotherly Shove for the other 31 teams

The “Tush Push” in Philadelphia is called the “Brotherly Shove”. Here are the names I’ve come up with for the other 31 teams. I have no idea for a bunch of these. Please offer suggestions. 

  • Patriots: The Revolutionary Score
  • Jets: The Jet Pack
  • Bills: The Queen Careen (SNF just called this the “Buffalo Bobsled”. Mine is better.)
  • Dolphins: The Flipper Ripper
  • Steelers: Rust Thrust
  • Bengals: Tiger Pile
  • Ravens: Charm Offensive
  • Browns: The Dog Pound
  • Texans: 
  • Jaguars: 
  • Titans: 
  • Colts: The Colt Jolt
  • Chiefs: 
  • Broncos: The Pile High 
  • Chargers: The Hectic Electric
  • Raiders: The Silver and Black Stack
  • Cowboys: The Plow Ploy 
  • Commanders: 
  • Eagles: Brotherly Shove
  • Giants: The Big Grapple
  • Bears: 
  • Packers: Cheese Squeeze
  • Vikings: The Skol Stroll
  • Lions: The Roar for One More
  • Saints: The Big Easy First Down
  • Falcons: Peach Reach
  • Panthers: The Carolina Creeper
  • Buccaneers: The Buc Tuck
  • Rams:  Ram Cram
  • Seahawks: 
  • 49ers: The Gold Rush
  • Cardinals: The Card Yard

As a math professor, I dislike the NFL tie breaker rules

Let’s say there are three generic teams A, B, and C, and I ask you which team is better: A or B. And let’s say you rank them:

  1. A
  2. B

Great. 

Now let’s say I ask you to rank A, B, and C. The only three reasonable rankings are:

  1. C
  2. A
  3. B

OR

  1. A
  2. C
  3. B

OR

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C

Why? Because you already told me that A was better than B head to head, so why would the addition of team C in the rankings switch the order of A and B. This condition is called Independence of Irrelevant Actors (I’ve written about violations of this in Olympic Sport Climbing). 

So how is this related to the NFL tiebreakers? Consider this case:

Going into week 18 this year (2023-24 season), if the Jaguars and Steelers both lost their week 18 games (The Steelers have already won, so this is moot) they would both be 9-8. So which of these two teams gets into the playoffs? The answer is that it depends on the result of the Broncos vs Raiders gamefeaturing two teams that are both eliminated from the playoffs! This meant that there was the possibility that the Broncos vs Raiders was a de facto playoff game…….for the Jaguars vs Steelers with the Broncos representing the Steelers and the Raiders representing the Jaguars! 

How is this possible? In two way ties, the NFL tie breaker is based on head to head results, and the Jaguars beat the Steelers on October 29 so the Jaguars are better than the Steelers head to head. And if the Raiders beat the Broncos, both those teams would finish 8-9 and the Jaguars and Steelers would be in a two way tie. If the Broncos won, that would put the Broncos at 8-9 and in a three way tie with the Steelers and Jaguars. In a three (or more) way tie, you apply the tie breakers and eliminate the bottom teams repeating the procedures starting at step 1 after each elimination. And in the three way tie, the Jaguars are eliminated first based on on strength of victory (all three teams would have been 6-6 in conference play). With the Jaguars eliminated, the Steelers best Denver based on head to head tie breakers. 

What this means is that we have the following rankings of teams with 8-9 records:

  1. Jaguars
  2. Steelers

AND

  1. Steelers
  2. Broncos
  3. Jaguars

(This actually COULD make sense if the Broncos win affected some tie breaking metric with the Jaguars, but that is not what is happening here).

I don’t like this. What I’d like to see (and no one cares what I think, but I’ll tell you anyway) is a tie breaking metric that doesn’t change based on how many teams are tied; the ordering should be consistent whether it’s two teams or ten teams. So, without thinking very much about it, here are some tie breaking procedures that I think would be better:

  • Go straight to conference record. All teams will have the same number of conference games and the number of wins here will give the same ranking when comparing head to head or 3+ way ties.
  • Give ties to the team with more road wins. This would have worked better in the 16 game schedule as all teams played 8 games each at home and away. Now with a 17 game schedule, you would have to do winning percentage in road games, but this isn’t that big of a deal. Again, this would give the same ranking in head to head ties or 3+ way ties. And this is similar to one way that chess breaks ties: if two or more players are tied, the player with the better record as black in the winner. 
  • You could just use strength of victory as a first step tie breaker. The only possible issue with this is that there could be situations where your strength of victory is affected by two teams already eliminated from the playoffs in such a way that you end up in the exact same situation that I describe here that I don’t like. So this wouldn’t be my first choice. 

My major point here is this: There shouldn’t be separate head to head tie breaking procedures and 3+ way tie breaking procedures. This can lead to very strange situations like the one I describe here. This would also greatly simplify understanding of tie breakers for fans. Right now, the tie breaking procedure can get really complicated. So what I’m advocating for is that the NFL pick a few metrics and use those as the tie breaking procedure for everything. I should be able to write the NFL tie breaking procedure by using arrange and just specifying an ordered list of variables (like the EPL (though EPL now has head-to-head tie breaks but further down the list of tie breakers). 

Cheers.

NFL Playoff Scenarios and fun with tree diagrams!

Five AFC teams have already clinched playoff spots: Ravens, Dolphins, Chiefs, Texans, and Browns. This means there are two playoff spots left in the AFC. With the Steelers and Texans winning yesterday, the AFC is now pretty simple and there are only two games today that matter in terms of playoff qualification: Dolphins vs Bill and Jaguars vs Titans. Below you can see a tree diagram of all the possible outcomes for the two remaining teams. 

The NFC is….more complicated:

Five teams have already clinched playoff sports in the NFC: 49ers, Cowboys, Lions, Eagles, and Rams. This leaves two spots available for six teams. This means that five of the eight NFC games today have playoff qualification implication. The three games that don’t matter are the two NFC East games and the Rams vs 49ers. My particular favorite part of the NFC tree diagram is the Vikings playoff scenarios. All they need to do to make the playoffs is to beat the Lions and one of the following:

  1. Bears, Cardinals, and Falcons all win
  2. Bears, Cardinals, and Panthers win

This means that the Vikings are relying on four teams, all with losing records (7-9 Bears, the 4-12 Cardinals, the 2-14 Panthers, and the 7-9 Falcons), to all win today to make the playoffs. And also the Vikings have to beat the Lions. Skol! 

Cheers.

Eugenics

Cheers.

“Four Researchers”

I was mentioned on ESPN today. Well, not me. But my work. I am one of the “four” researchers (That paper has three authors….) they are talking about!

I’m a pretty big deal.

Cheers.

NFL words

Updated: August 26, 2024 (Update at end of article).

So I recently did a comedy set (because I’m a comedian and you can’t stop me) about words you could spell with the symbols of the chemical elements. It’s hilarious, because I’m hilarious, and you can see it here.

Unrelated to this, Jay Cuda is out there setting the bar extremely high for the absolute best Twitter account right now. And Tej Seth suggested that someone should be doing what Jay Cuda is doing for NFL and college football.

Now I can’t possibly hope to be as good as Jay Cuda, but I can contribute some meaningless nonsense to the world so here we go.

What are all the words that we can spell with NFL logos? I’m using these 9 logos with letters in them. This gives me a C, U (colts…sort of), SF, O (I need it), G, NY, KC, B, and T.

Using the code I wrote before and replacing the elements with available NFL logos, here is the complete list of scrabble words:

  • bo
  • bob
  • bog
  • bony
  • boo
  • boob
  • booboo
  • boot
  • bot
  • bott
  • boubou
  • bout
  • bub
  • bubo
  • bug
  • but
  • butt
  • buttony
  • butut
  • cob
  • cobb
  • coco
  • cog
  • cony
  • coo
  • coocoo
  • coot
  • cot
  • cottony
  • cub
  • cut
  • cutout
  • go
  • gob
  • gobo
  • gobony
  • gogo
  • goo
  • goony
  • got
  • gout
  • gut
  • oot
  • otto
  • out
  • outgo
  • to
  • tog
  • tony
  • too
  • toot
  • tot
  • tout
  • tub
  • tug
  • tut
  • tutu
  • ut


The longest word we can spell is COTTONY.

And, important to the immature among us, you can also spell BOOB and BUTT. BOOB can be spelled entirely with AFC North logos!

If I get some actual work done today, I’ll do the other sports.

Cheers.

Update:

It has come to my attention (via @ken_frets) that the Philadelphia Eagles logo contains the letter “E”:

As such I need to update this post. Here is the updated list:

  • be
  • bee
  • beebee
  • beet
  • beg
  • beget
  • begot
  • bet
  • betony
  • bo
  • bob
  • bocce
  • bog
  • bony
  • boo
  • boob
  • booboo
  • boot
  • bootee
  • bot
  • bott
  • boubou
  • bout
  • bub
  • bubo
  • bug
  • but
  • bute
  • buteo
  • butt
  • butte
  • buttony
  • butut
  • cee
  • cete
  • cob
  • cobb
  • coco
  • cocotte
  • cog
  • cony
  • coo
  • coocoo
  • cooee
  • coot
  • cot
  • cote
  • cottony
  • cub
  • cube
  • cubeb
  • cue
  • cut
  • cute
  • cutout
  • ebb
  • ebbet
  • ebony
  • ecu
  • egg
  • ego
  • et
  • gee
  • get
  • go
  • gob
  • gobbet
  • gobo
  • gobony
  • gogo
  • goo
  • goony
  • got
  • gouge
  • gout
  • gut
  • obe
  • oboe
  • obtect
  • octet
  • octette
  • oe
  • ogee
  • oogeny
  • oot
  • otto
  • out
  • outbeg
  • outgo
  • tee
  • teeny
  • teg
  • tet
  • to
  • toe
  • tog
  • togue
  • tony
  • too
  • toot
  • tot
  • tote
  • tout
  • tub
  • tube
  • tug
  • tut
  • tutee
  • tutu
  • ut

Not a lot of interested words that get added. But we can spell TUBE:

Cheers.

Some of my recent work

We (Ben Baumer, Quang Nguyen, and myself) just got our paper entitled “Big ideas in sports analytics and statistical tools for their investigation” published. My favorite thing that I learned from writing that paper was about the existence of the sportyR package. It’s my second favorite package of all time……after teamcolors, of course.

We (Quang Nguyen, Ron Yurko, and myself) also recently posted our paper on STRAIN called “Here Comes the STRAIN: Analyzing Defensive Pass Rush in American Football with Player Tracking Data” on ArXiV. This is work that is based on our Big Data Bowl 2023 work (did I even mention I was a Big Data Bowl finalist this year……). You can see my Big Data Bowl 2023 entry here.

That is all for now.

Cheers.

2023 NCAA Tournament Picks

First Round Winners

South

Alabama

Maryland

San Diego St

Virginia

Creighton

Baylor

Utah St

Arizona

East

Purdue

Memphis

Duke

Tennessee

Providence

Kansas St

Michigan St

Marquette

Midwest

Houston

Iowa

Miami (FL)

Indiana

Iowa St

Xavier

Penn St

Texas

West

Kansas

Illinois

St. Mary’s

UConn

TCU

Gonzaga

Northwestern

UCLA

Sweet Sixteen

South

Alabama

San Diego St

Creighton

Arizona

East

Purdue

Tennessee

Providence

Marquette

Midwest

Houston

Indiana

Xavier

Texas

West

Illinois

UConn

Gonzaga

UCLA

Elite Eight

South

Alabama

Arizona

East

Purdue

Marquette

Midwest

Houston

Xavier

West

UConn

UCLA

Final Four

South

Arizona

East

Purdue

Midwest

Houston

West

UCLA

Finals

Houston vs Purdue

Champion

Houston, 74-73